Machine Learning Algorithms for Beginners

1. Supervised Learning

How it works: This algorithm consist of a target / outcome variable (or dependent variable) which is to be predicted from a given set of predictors (independent variables). Using these set of variables, we generate a function that map inputs to desired outputs. The training process continues until the model achieves a desired level of accuracy on the training data. Examples of Supervised Learning: Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, KNN, Logistic Regression etc.

2. Unsupervised Learning

How it works: In this algorithm, we do not have any target or outcome variable to predict / estimate.  It is used for clustering population in different groups, which is widely used for segmenting customers in different groups for specific intervention. Examples of Unsupervised Learning: Apriori algorithm, K-means.

3. Reinforcement Learning:

How it works:  Using this algorithm, the machine is trained to make specific decisions. It works this way: the machine is exposed to an environment where it trains itself continually using trial and error. This machine learns from past experience and tries to capture the best possible knowledge to make accurate business decisions. Example of Reinforcement Learning: Markov Decision Process

Here is the list of commonly used machine learning algorithms. These algorithms can be applied to almost any data problem:

1. Linear Regression
2. Logistic Regression
3. Decision Tree
4. SVM
5. Naive Bayes
6. kNN
7. K-Means
8. Random Forest
9. Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms
10. Gradient Boosting algorithms
    1. GBM
    2. XGBoost
    3. LightGBM
    4. CatBoost

arangoDB Start as service

Restart the database:

sudo service arangodb start

Restart the database:

sudo service arangodb restart

Bind ArangoDB to the Public Network Interface

Configure ArangoDB to listen on the public network interface. First, open the /etc/arangodb/arangod.conf file for editing:

sudo nano /etc/arangodb/arangod.conf

Locate the active endpoint line, which should be at the end of the [server] block below a section of examples. Update the setting as shown below, using your own server's IP address, and port 8529.

/etc/arangodb/arangod.conf

. . .

endpoint = tcp://your_server_ip:8529

Since arangosh uses its own default configuration, we need to change the endpoint in the /etc/arangodb/arangosh.conf file too:

sudo nano /etc/arangodb/arangosh.conf

Again, make sure the endpoint line is set to tcp://your_server_ip:8529.

/etc/arangodb/arangosh.conf

pretty-print = true

[server]
endpoint = tcp://your_server_ip:8529
disable-authentication = true

. . .




Tomcat start with console window in Linux (ubuntu)

Use this command in Linux Terminal

tomcat/bin/startup.sh; tail -f tomcat/logs/catalina.out




Install Pycharm on Ubuntu

1. Configure the repository (your correct Ubuntu release name gets inserted automatically):
   

   echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)-getdeb apps" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb-apps.list

2. Retrieve and add the repository's signature key:
   

   wget -q -O- http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -

3. Update your package lists:
   

   sudo apt-get update

4. Install PyCharm:
   

   sudo apt-get install pycharm

How to Delete Folder in Ubuntu

rmdir foldername
rmdir dirname
rmdir /path/to/folder
rmdir /path/to/directory

Example

In this example, delete the directory called /tmp/letters

rmdir /tmp/letters

Task: Remove DIRECTORY and Its Ancestors

The -p option can delete directory and its subdirectories:

rmdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3

Task: Delete All Files and Folders Including Subdirectories

Use the following syntax:

rm -rf /path/to/dir

For example, delete /home/vivek/docs and all its subdirectories including file, enter:

rm -rf /home/vivek/docs ls -l /home/vivek/docs

GUI File Manager

The Nautilus file manager (GNOME desktop) provides a simple and integrated way to manage your files and applications. Just open it from Places menu and select folder and hit delete key.

Fig.01: Gnome File Browser

HowTo: Move A Folder In Linux Using mv Command

mv source target
mv folder1 folder2 target
mv folder1 file1 target
mv -option source target

mv command can be used to move any number of files and folders in a single command. In this example, the following command moves all folders, including all the contents of those directories, from the current directory to the directory called /nas03/users/home/v/vivek

mv * /nas03/users/home/v/vivek

Please note that the asterisk is a wildcard character that represents all files and folders the current directory. In this next example, move only foo and bar folders from the /home/tom directory to the directory called /home/jerry:

mv /home/tom/foo /home/tom/bar /home/jerry

OR

cd /home/tom mv foo bar /home/jerry

mv can see explain what is being done with the -v option i.e. it shows the name of each file before moving it:

mv -v /home/tom/foo /home/tom/bar /home/jerry

Sample outputs:

`/home/tom/foo/' -> `/home/jerry/foo'
`/home/tom/bar/' -> `/home/jerry/bar'

You can prompt before overwrite i.e. pass the -i option to make mv interactive if the same name files/folder already exists in the destination directory:

mv -i foo /tmp

Sample outputs:

mv: overwrite `/tmp/foo'? 

Other options

Taken from the man page of gnu/mv command:

--backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file   -b like --backup but does not accept an argument   -f, --force do not prompt before overwriting   -n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file   If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect.   --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument   -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix   -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY   -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file   -u, --update move only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing

Make a File Executable in Linux (Ubuntu)

Use chmod

chmod +x startup.sh

To ACCESS Linux (Ubuntu) from Windows (WinScp)

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

and to configure port /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Port=22 

To Enable SFTP in Linux (Ubuntu)

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

and to configure port /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Port=22 

Install and Configure Arango for Linux (Ubuntu)

curl -O https://download.arangodb.com/arangodb32/xUbuntu_17.04/Release.key
sudo apt-key add - < Release.key

echo 'deb https://download.arangodb.com/arangodb32/xUbuntu_17.04/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/arangodb.list
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install arangodb3=3.2.6

sudo apt-get install arangodb3-dbg=3.2.6

for IP Address Config

C:\Program Files\ArangoDB 2.6.9\etc\arangodb\arangod.conf
 

SET given settings 

endpoint = tcp://192.168.0.14:8529

pip Installation on linux

python-pip is in the universe repositories, therefore use the steps below:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-get update (update all package)
sudo apt-get install python-pip

How to install OpenJDK 8 Ubuntu

Check Java:
java -version

If it returns "The program java can be found in the following packages", Java hasn't been installed yet, so execute the following command:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

If you face any issue like "folder not found" or "package not found",

check the PROXY if it is set :

sudo grep -R roxy /etc/apt/*

grep roxy /etc/environment

echo $http_proxy

echo $ftp_proxy

grep roxy /etc/bash.bashrc

grep roxy ~/.bashrc

SET PROXY by all these steps serially :

1. For gtk3 programs such as rhythmbox and online accounts:

First you need to enter proxy settings in network settings (along with authentication):

Then apply system wide.

2. For apt,software center etc

edit the file /etc/apt/apt.conf
And then replace all the existing text by the following lines
Acquire::http::proxy "http://username:password@host:port/"; Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://username:password@host:port/"; Acquire::https::proxy "https://username:password@host:port/";

3. Environment variables

edit the file /etc/environment
And then add the following lines after PATH="something here"
http_proxy=http://username:password@host:port/ ftp_proxy=ftp://username:password@host:port/ https_proxy=https://username:password@host:port/ 


After setting proxy Enter this command:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

sudo apt-get install default-jdk

Then check java version, if you get the installed package and version then You are good to go!!!!!